Surgical intervention using the TIF method: Details, anticipations, and further insights
The Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF) procedure is making waves in the medical world, offering a minimally invasive solution for patients suffering from Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and hiatal hernia.
Primarily, the TIF procedure reconstructs the gastroesophageal flap valve to prevent acid reflux by restoring the function of the lower esophageal sphincter [2][4]. In its concomitant form, known as cTIF, the procedure also repairs a hiatal hernia, providing relief from symptoms caused by both conditions [1].
A hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach pushes through the diaphragm, exacerbating GERD symptoms. The cTIF approach addresses this dual pathology without open surgery [5].
During the TIF procedure, a surgeon uses an endoscope and a specialized device called the "TIF device." The surgeon views the esophagus through the mouth, pulls the esophagogastric junction inward, and inserts polymer fasteners that create a fold in the serous membrane tissues, forming a valve between the stomach and the esophagus [3].
Studies indicate that the TIF procedure may remain successful and effective in the long term, although research on long-term outcomes is limited [6]. In a study, the TIF procedure normalized heartburn in 73% of participants and regurgitation in 86% of participants [7].
Preparing for the TIF procedure involves specific steps, such as not eating or drinking a certain amount of time before the procedure, discussing current medication with the doctor, arranging for someone to take them home after the procedure, and discussing any concerns or questions with the doctor [8].
While some discomfort below the sternum and into the chest, as well as shoulder discomfort due to irritation in the phrenic nerves, is typical after the TIF procedure, this typically resolves within a week [9].
The TIF procedure is less invasive than more traditional options and has a shorter recovery period and a lower chance of complications. It is also suitable for people with chronic GERD symptoms that are either not fully responsive or responsive to acid-suppressive medications and who do not want to take long-term medication [10].
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the TIF procedure for people with chronic GERD that was responsive to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medications [11]. TIF may also be suitable for people with hiatal hernia when performed as concomitant TIF (cTIF), addressing both GERD and a "slight" hiatal hernia, which commonly worsens reflux symptoms [1][5].
However, like any procedure, the TIF procedure does come with risks. Possible risks include epigastric pain, pain in the left shoulder, irritation in the pharynx, dysphagia, fever, gas bloating, nausea, vomiting (including hematemesis or vomiting blood), mucosal tear, pneumonia, pleural effusion, mediastinitis, abscess, and perforation or tear in the esophagus [12].
In summary, the TIF procedure offers a minimally invasive solution for patients suffering from GERD and hiatal hernia. With quicker recovery times, lower chances of complications, and promising long-term outcomes, this procedure is proving to be a valuable addition to the medical world's arsenal against these debilitating conditions. As always, it is essential to consult with a doctor to determine if the TIF procedure is the right choice for individual circumstances.
